Dưới đây là một bộ hướng dẫn hoàn chỉnh để bạn trình bày ca lâm sàng cơ xương khớp bằng tiếng Anh trên Zoom trước giáo sư — bao gồm:
- Bộ từ vựng chuyên ngành dễ dùng, chuẩn xác
- Cấu trúc trình bày case (template)
- Cách chào hỏi – giới thiệu webinar
- 10 tình huống (scenarios) để luyện nói trước khi trình case
- Mẫu câu chuyển ý (transition phrases) giúp nói mượt mà như native
Tất cả được tối ưu cho radiology / MSK imaging, dễ dùng cho Webinar/Zoom.
🌟 1) Opening & Greetings — Chào hỏi mở đầu
Bạn có thể dùng 1 trong 3 phiên bản tùy độ trang trọng:
Trang trọng (Formal) – dùng khi có giáo sư quốc tế
“Good evening everyone, and thank you for joining today’s MSK imaging webinar.
My name is ___, from ___ Hospital, and it’s my pleasure to present a clinical case for discussion today.
I really appreciate the opportunity to learn from you, Professor ___.
I’ll keep my presentation concise, and I warmly welcome your comments and guidance.”
Tự nhiên – Chuyên môn nhưng thoải mái
“Hi everyone, thank you for being here.
I’m ___, and today I’ll be sharing an MSK radiology case that I think will generate a good discussion.
Professor ___, it’s an honour to present in front of you. I look forward to your insights.”
Ngắn gọn – Nếu bạn muốn vào thẳng vấn đề
“Good evening. I’m ___ from ___.
I’ll be presenting an MSK case today. Thank you, Professor ___, for your time and feedback.”
🌟 2) Structure for Presenting an MSK Case (Template)
Bạn chỉ cần đi theo đúng dàn này → nói sẽ rất mượt & chuyên nghiệp.
(1) Clinical Information
- Age, sex
- Chief complaint
- Duration
- Relevant history
- Physical exam
Template câu:
- “This is a [age]-year-old [male/female] presenting with ____.”
- “The patient reports a ___-month history of ___.”
- “Physical examination revealed ___.”
(2) Imaging Technique
- “Radiographs of the ___ were obtained.”
- “MRI was performed using T1, T2, STIR, and fat-suppressed sequences.”
- “Ultrasound evaluation of the joint/tendon was carried out.”
- “Contrast-enhanced sequences were included.”
(3) Imaging Findings
- Location
- Morphology
- Signal characteristics
- Associated findings
Template câu:
- “On MRI, there is a ___ lesion located in the ___.”
- “It demonstrates low signal intensity on T1 and high signal on T2.”
- “There is associated bone marrow edema.”
- “No joint effusion is noted.”
- “The cortex appears intact / disrupted.”
- “There is a partial-thickness tear of the tendon fibres.”
(4) Differential Diagnosis
- “The differential diagnosis includes ___ and ___, with ___ being most likely.”
- “Given the imaging characteristics and clinical context, ___ is favored.”
(5) Final Diagnosis
- “The final diagnosis is ___, supported by imaging features and clinical correlation.”
(6) Management / Recommendation
- “Follow-up MRI in 6 weeks is recommended.”
- “Ultrasound-guided aspiration/injection can be considered.”
- “Orthopedic referral is advised.”
(7) Closing
- “That concludes my presentation. Thank you for your attention.”
- “I would be happy to hear your comments, Professor ___.”
🌟 3) Vocabulary Booster – Bộ từ vựng MSK Radiology
General
- Lesion (tổn thương)
- Abnormality (bất thường)
- Intact (nguyên vẹn)
- Disrupted / compromised (bị tổn thương, đứt gãy)
- Enhancement (tăng tín hiệu sau tiêm)
- Effusion (tràn dịch)
- Edema (phù nề)
- Mass effect (hiệu ứng khối)
Bone / Joint
- Bone marrow edema
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Osteophyte formation
- Cortical breach
- Joint space narrowing
- Cartilage thinning
- Synovial thickening
- Enthesopathy
Tendon / Muscle
- Partial-thickness tear
- Full-thickness tear
- Tendinosis
- Tenosynovitis
- Muscle strain / contusion
- Atrophy / fatty infiltration
Aggressive vs Non-aggressive features
- Periosteal reaction
- Soft tissue extension
- Ill-defined margins
- Cortical destruction
- Narrow zone of transition
- Well-defined sclerotic rim
Interpretation verbs
- Suggests…
- Is consistent with…
- Is suspicious for…
- Is unlikely to represent…
- Favors the diagnosis of…
🌟 4) 10 Clinical Scenarios (Bạn có thể luyện trước)
Mỗi tình huống có câu mẫu gợi ý.
🔹 Scenario 1 — ACL tear on MRI
“This is a 27-year-old male with acute knee pain after twisting injury.
MRI shows a discontinuous ACL with increased T2 signal — consistent with a complete ACL tear.”
🔹 Scenario 2 — Meniscal root tear
“A 45-year-old female with chronic knee pain.
MRI demonstrates radial tear of the posterior horn medial meniscus near the root attachment.”
🔹 Scenario 3 — Rotator cuff full-thickness tear
“A 60-year-old male who cannot raise his arm.
MRI reveals a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with retraction.”
🔹 Scenario 4 — Achilles tendinosis
“A 35-year-old runner.
Ultrasound shows thickened, hypoechoic Achilles tendon with increased vascularity — suggestive of tendinosis.”
🔹 Scenario 5 — Stress fracture
“A 20-year-old basketball player with worsening shin pain.
MRI shows a linear low-signal fracture line with surrounding marrow edema.”
🔹 Scenario 6 — Osteomyelitis
“A diabetic patient with foot swelling.
MRI demonstrates marrow edema, cortical erosion, and soft tissue abscess — suspicious for osteomyelitis.”
🔹 Scenario 7 — Baker’s cyst
“A 50-year-old female with posterior knee swelling.
Ultrasound shows a fluid-filled structure between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus — compatible with a Baker’s cyst.”
🔹 Scenario 8 — Ganglion cyst wrist
“A 30-year-old female with a palpable wrist lump.
MRI shows a well-defined T2-hyperintense cyst adjacent to the scapholunate ligament.”
🔹 Scenario 9 — Degenerative disc disease (spine)
“MRI lumbar spine reveals disc desiccation, reduced disc height, and Modic type II endplate changes.”
🔹 Scenario 10 — Osteosarcoma (aggressive lesion)
“Radiograph shows an ill-defined metaphyseal lesion with aggressive periosteal reaction and soft tissue extension, raising concern for osteosarcoma.”
🌟 5) Useful Transitions — giúp nói mượt khi trình bày
- “Let me move on to the imaging findings.”
- “Next, I’d like to highlight the key abnormality.”
- “This brings us to the differential diagnosis.”
- “Based on these features, the most likely diagnosis is…”
- “To conclude, I would recommend…”
- “I’m happy to discuss further.”
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